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在2010 GMP实施指南的原料药分册第229页有这样一段描述:
“对于多功能设备,生产批次数量、切换的品种不固定的情况,采用清洁检查的方法是
较为适用的。该方法要求,每次清洁时,按批准的清洁方法进行清洁并取样检测,直到达
到预期的结果为止。”
这其实涉及到了一个 "test until clean"的概念,那我们来看看其他一些指南是如何规定的:
1、FDA GUIDE TO INSPECTIONS VALIDATION OF CLEANING PROCESSES
"Examine and evaluate the level of testing and the retest results since testing until clean is a concept utilized by some manufacturers. They test, resample, and retest equipment or systems until an "acceptable" residue level is attained. For the system or equipment with a validated cleaning process, this practice of resampling should not be utilized and is acceptable only in rare cases. Constant retesting and resampling can show that the cleaning process is not validated since these retests actually document the presence of unacceptable residue and contaminants from an ineffective cleaning process. "
有些工厂的做法是, 自清洗开始就一直重复地检测和评估多次检测结果, 直到洁净为止。他们对设备和系统进行取样、检测,再取样、复测,直至得到一个“可接受”的残留水平。对于采用经过验证的清洁方法对设备或系统进行清洗时,不应采取这种重复取样的做法。这种做法只有在极少数情况下可以接受。不断地检测和取样只能说明,所采用的清洁方法没有得到证。因为不断的复测实际上反映并记录了这样一个事实,即进行低效的清洗之后,仍有超量的残留物/污染物存在。
2、APIC Guidance on aspects of cleaning validation in activepharmaceutical ingredient plants
" Question 6: Is it acceptable for a validated cleaning procedure to be continued until the
analytical results demonstrate it is clean? "
问题6: 一个清洗验证程序将持续到分析结果证明是干净为止的做法是可行的嘛?
"Advice: Regulatory authorities do not condone this practice. "
回答: 监管部门是不允许这种做法的。
3、PIC/S RECOMMENDATIONS ON VALIDATION MASTER PLAN INSTALLATION AND OPERATIONAL QUALIFICATION STERILE PROCESS VALIDATION CLEANING VALIDATION
"7.3.10 It is usually not considered acceptable to "test until clean". This concept involves cleaning, sampling and testing, with repetition of this sequenceuntil an acceptable residue limit is attained. For the system or equipment with a validated cleaning process, this practice of "test until clean" should not be required. The practice of "test until clean" is not considered to replace the need to validate cleaning procedures."
一般认为“Test until clean"是不可行的。这个概念涉及到清洗,取样和检测,并一直重复到残留量达到了合格限度。对于已有验证过清洗程序的系统或设备,则不需要“Test until clean".。“Test until clean"不能用来代替清洗程序验证。
可笑的是,就在其下面内容的F项中,还特意强调了“一直清洗直到干净为止”这种作法不是经验证的清洁,它适用于不确定使用目的和
周期的多功能设备。“
那么实施指南上这可笑的描述从哪来的?
我们先看ICH Q7a中的12.76:
"Cleaning procedures should be monitored at appropriate intervals after validation to ensure that these procedures are effective when used during routine production. Equipment cleanliness can be monitored by analytical testing and visual examination, where feasible. Visual inspection can allow detection of gross contamination concentrated in small areas that could otherwise go undetected by sampling and/or analysis."
验证后,清洗程序应当在适当的时间间隔进行监测,以确保这些程序用在日常生产中是有效的。设备的清洁程度可以根据可行性通过测试或目测来监测。目测能检测到用取样和/或分析方法测不到的集中在小面积上的严重的污染。
再来看看FDA 清洁工艺验证指南上的说明:
"Routine Production In-Process Control
Monitoring - Indirect testing, such as conductivity testing, may be of some value for routine monitoring once a cleaning process has been validated. This would be particularly true for the bulk drug substance manufacturer where reactors and centrifuges and piping between such large equipment can be sampled only using rinse solution samples. Any indirect test method must have been shown to correlate with the condition of the equipment. During validation, the firm should document that testing the uncleaned equipment gives a not acceptable result for the indirect test. "
日常生产的中间控制监测:一旦某清洁方法得到验证之后,日常监测可使用间接检测法,如电导率检测。对于原料药生产商来说,使用的反应罐和离心机,大型设备之间的管道连接,只能对其漂洗液取样。这种情况下,必须说明间接检测法与设备状况的相关性。验证过程中,也应有书面证明:用间接法检测未清洗设备时,检验结果能够证明该设备不能使用以及未清洗。即该检测结果能够得出不能够接受当前设备状况的结论
很明显,2010GMP实施指南这段描述把日常中清洁的监测手段作为清洁验证的一种替代方式了。
2010年GMP实施指南硬生生的把多功能设备和专用设备的清洁割裂开来,认为多功能采取清洁检查,专用设备采取清洁验证。而实际上无论是多功能设备还是专用设备,就必须进行清洁验证,尤其是对于多功能设备,清洁验证更加重要。而清洁检查不但适用于多功能设备,也适用于专用设备,这对清洁程序的适用性和有效性提供了长期的数据支持。
以上是个人意见,欢迎大家讨论。
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