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本帖最后由 PharmLink 于 2021-1-21 08:21 编辑
作为清洁验证方案内容和前提之一,是要确定清洁残留的可接受限度,即清洁验证限度。近30年来,就如何确定清洁验证限度,行业和监管机构提出了多个思路和指南文件,呈现了科学化和风险化的发展态势,这在制药行业保守不变的氛围下显得很特别。
1993年 - 行业
【文件】 Fourman, G. andMullin, M, “Determining Cleaning Validation Acceptance Limits forPharmaceutical Manufacturing Operations,” PharmaceuticalTechnology Fourman,G.和Mullin,M,“为制药生产操作确定清洁验证可接受限度”,制药技术 【思路】
Any carryover of product residue shall meet the following criteria: No more than 0.001 (a factor of 10 because pharmaceuticals are often considered non-active at 1/10th of the dose, 10 to ensure the cleaning program is robust and the final 10 as a safety factor) dose of any product will appear in the maximum daily dose of another product. No more than 10 ppm of a product will appear in another product. No quantity of residue visible on the equipment. 产品的任何残留均应满足以下标准: • 对于一个产品,出现在另一种产品的最大每日剂量中量,不应超过其剂量的0.001(1/10 x 1/10 x 1/10)。其中,第一个1/10系数:认为药物在剂量的1/10下是非活性的;第二个1/10系数:以确保清洁程序是稳健的;最后一个1/10系数:作为安全系数。 • 一个产品中在另外一个产品残留量不超过10 ppm。 • 设备上目检不可见任何残留物。
1993年 -FDA
【文件】 FDA Guide to Inspections Validation of Cleaning Processes FDA清洁工艺检验指南 【思路】 Basis for limits must be scientifically justifiable. Mentions as examples 10 ppm, 1/1000 of the normal therapeutic dose (biological activity). Surfaces should be visibly clean. 限度依据必须在科学上是合理的。作为实例,提及10ppm,正常治疗剂量的1/1000(生物活性)。表面应明显清洁。
1998年 -PDA
【文件】 PDA Technical Report No. 29 “Points to Consider for CleaningValidation” PDA技术报告第29号“清洁验证要考虑的要点” 【思路】 Numerical limits should have a logical and scientific basis. Safety factors used based on the type of products and risk. Fractions of therapeutic dose for Topical Products (1/10th to 1/100th), Oral Products(1/100th to 1/1000th), Parenteral and Ophthalmic products (1/1000th to1/10,000th), Investigational products (1/10,000th to 1/100,000th). 数值限度应具有逻辑和科学依据。根据产品类型和风险使用,使用安全系数乘以治疗剂量。安全系数:局部用产品(1/10至1/100),口服产品(1/100至1/1000),肠胃外和眼科产品(1/1000至1 / 10,000),研究性产品(1 / 10,000到1/100,000)。
2000年 -ICH
【文件】 ICH Q7 Good Manufacturing Practice for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients 【思路】 “Limits can be established based on the minimum known pharmacological, toxicological or physiological activity of the API or its most deleterious component.” “可以根据API或其最有害的成分的最低已知药理、毒理或生理活性,来确定限度。”
2010年 -ISPE
【文件】 ISPE Baseline® Guide: Volume 7 – Risk-Based Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products [Risk- MaPP] (SecondEdition) ISPE 基准®指南:第7卷–基于风险的药品生产[Risk-MaPP](第二版) 【思路】 Residue limits based on Health-Based Exposure Limit (HBEL) such as Acceptable Daily Exposure (ADE) values. 基于健康的暴露限度(HBEL)的残留限度,例如可接受的每日暴露(ADE)值。
2014年 -EMA
【文件】 EMA: Guideline on setting health-based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities [ EMA指南:设定基于健康的接触限度,以在共享设施中生产不同药品时进行风险识别 【思路】 HBEL(Permitted Daily Exposure (PDE)) through the derivation of a safe threshold value should be employed to identify the risks of cross-contamination in shared facilities. Alternate approaches could be accepted if adequately justified. 应采用通过导出安全阈值的HBEL(允许的每日暴露量PDE)的方法,来识别共享设施中交叉污染的风险。如果有充分的理由,可以接受其它方法。
2015年 -EU
【文件】 EudraLex GMP Annex 15: Qualification and Validation, Section 10 Cleaning Validation [4] EudraLex GMP附录15:确认与验证,第10节清洁验证[4] 【思路】 Based on toxicological evaluation. References EMA 2014 Guidance onsetting HBEL. 根据毒理学评估。参考EMA 2014设置HBEL的指南。
2015年 -PIC/S
【文件】 PIC/S Guide to Good Manufacturing Practice for Medical Products, Annex 15 《PIC/S医疗产品GMP指南》,附录15 【思路】 Limits for carryover should be based on a toxicological evaluation of the active materials. References EMA 2014 Guidance on setting HBEL. 残留限度应基于活性物质的毒理学评估。参考EMA 2014设置HBEL的指南。
2018年 -EMA
【文件】 EMA: Questions and answers on implementation of risk-based prevention of cross-contamination in production and ‘Guideline on setting health-based exposure limits for use in risk identification in the manufacture of different medicinal products in shared facilities’ EMA问答指南:关于在生产中实施基于风险的交叉污染预防,以及“设定基于健康的接触限度,以在共享设施中生产不同药品时进行风险识别” 【思路】 Answers commonly asked questions regarding EMA 2014 Guideline. “HBELs should be established for all medicinal products.” “For existing products, manufacturer’s historically used cleaning limits should be retained and can be considered alert limits provided that when taking cleaning process capability into account, they provide sufficient assurance that excursions above the HBEL will be prevented.” 回答有关EMA 2014指南的常见问题。 “应该为所有药品建立HBEL。” “对于现有产品,应保留生产商历史上使用过的清洁限度,考虑到清洁工艺能力,这些限度可以提供足够的保证,防止超出HBEL的偏移,可以将其视为警戒限。”
2020年 -PIC/S
【文件】 PIC/S: Questions and Answers on Implementation of Risk- Based Prevention of Cross- Contamination in Production and ‘Guideline on Setting Health-Based Exposure Limits for Use in Risk Identification in The Manufacture of Different Medicinal Products in Shared Facilities’ PIC/S问答指南:关于在生产中实施基于风险的交叉污染预防,以及“设定基于健康的接触限度,以在共享设施中生产不同药品时进行风险识别” 【思路】 Adoption byPIC/S of the EMA approach. PIC/S采用EMA方法。
2020年 -WHO
【文件】 WHO: Draft Working document QAS/20.849, Points to consider on the different approaches – including HBEL – to establish carryover limits in cleaning validation for identification of contamination risks when manufacturing in shared facilities [29] 世卫组织:工作文件QAS / 20.849,不同方法(包括HBEL)的考虑要点,建立清洁验证中的残留限度,以识别在共用设施中生产时的污染风险[29] 【思路】 This draft document incorporates HBELs as part of the baseline approach to setting cleaning limits. 本文档方案将HBEL纳入了设置清洁限度的基准方法的一部分。
参考:Cleaning Validation Lifecycle Applications, Methods, and Controls. August, 2020. International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE).
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