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Appendix 1: Method for Establishing Exposure Limits 附录1:建立暴露限度的方法 For most elements, acceptable exposure levels for elemental impurities in this guideline were established by calculation of PDE values according to the procedures for setting exposure limits in pharmaceuticals (Ref. 1), and the method adopted by International Programme for Chemical Safety (IPCS) for Assessing Human Health Risk of Chemicals (Ref. 2). These methods are similar to those used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Integrated Risk Information System, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) (Ref. 3) and others. The method is outlined here to give a better understanding of the origin of the PDE values. When an MRL was used to set the PDE, no additional modifying factors were used as they are incorporated into the derivation of the MRL. For carcinogenic elements unit risk factors were used to set the PDE using a 1:100000 risk level; these are described in the individual monographs in Appendix 3. Some PDEs for inhalation were derived using occupational exposure limits, applying modifying factors, and considering any specific effects to the respiratory system. 对于大多数元素,本指南中的元素杂质可接受暴露水平是根据在药品中设定暴露限度的方法(参考文献1),通过PDE值的计算来建立的,以及被国际化学安全组织(IPCS)用于评估人体健康化学风险(参考文献2)的方法。这些方法类似于美国环境保护署(USEPA)一体化风险信息系统,美国FDA(参考文献3)和其它组织使用的方法。这里列出的方法是为了对PDE值的来源有更好的理解。当MRL被用于建立PDE值时,不需要使用另外的修正因子,因为这些修正因子已被整合在了MRL的计算中。对于致癌元素,单位风险因子被用于建立PDE值,其中使用1:100000风险水平,这些在附录3各论中进行了描述。有些吸入途径的PDE是采用了职业暴露限度来计算的,使用了修正因子,考虑了对吸入系统的所有特殊影响。
ICH Q3D 元素杂质指南(3) 附录1 建立暴露限度的方法.rar
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