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药学神贴Thermodynamics of Pharmaceutical Systems
书名THERMODYNAMICS OF
PHARMACEUTICAL
SYSTEMS
作者Kenneth A. Connors
语言 英语
页数357
出版社 wiley
ISBN 0-471-20241
1 Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics / 3
1.1. Fundamental Concepts / 3
1.2. The First Law of Thermodynamics / 9
1.3. The Enthalpy / 12
2 The Entropy Concept / 17
2.1. The Entropy Defined / 17
2.2. The Second Law of Thermodynamics / 24
2.3. Applications of the Entropy Concept / 26
3 The Free Energy / 30
3.1. Properties of the Free Energy / 30
3.2. The Chemical Potential / 34
4 Equilibrium / 42
4.1. Conditions for Equilibrium / 42
4.2. Physical Processes / 44
4.3. Chemical Equilibrium / 49
II THERMODYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES 59
5 Introduction to Physical Processes / 61
5.1. Scope / 61
5.2. Concentration Scales / 62
5.3. Standard States / 63
vii
6 Phase Transformations / 67
6.1. Pure Substances / 67
6.2. Multicomponent Systems / 72
7 Solutions of Nonelectrolytes / 77
7.1. Ideal Solutions / 77
7.2. Nonideal Solutions / 80
7.3. Partitioning between Liquid Phases / 83
8 Solutions of Electrolytes / 96
8.1. Coulombic Interaction and Ionic Dissociation / 96
8.2. Mean Ionic Activity and Activity Coefficient / 99
8.3. The Debye–Hu¨ckel Theory / 101
9 Colligative Properties / 106
9.1. Boiling Point Elevation / 106
9.2. Freezing Point Depression / 108
9.3. Osmotic Pressure / 109
9.4. Isotonicity Calculations / 111
10 Solubility / 116
10.1. Solubility as an Equilibrium Constant / 116
10.2. The Ideal Solubility / 117
10.3. Temperature Dependence of the Solubility / 120
10.4. Solubility of Slightly Soluble Salts / 123
10.5. Solubilities of Nonelectrolytes: Further Issues / 126
11 Surfaces and Interfaces / 135
11.1. Thermodynamic Properties / 136
11.2. Adsorption / 143
III THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES 155
12 Acid–Base Equilibria / 157
12.1. Acid–Base Theory / 157
12.2. pH Dependence of Acid–Base Equilibria / 163
12.3. Calculation of Solution pH / 172

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