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发表于 2017-9-2 15:52:03
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中国很多GMP都是抄袭别人的,别人都说generally(通常),自己的法规也把通常写进去了,都不晓得为啥子会这样做,总是爱一通下来乱刀斩乱麻,
以下是我在另一个帖子回复,转过来,大家可以讨论!
https://www.ouryao.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=231892&page=2#pid6913060
首先陈述两个前提:
1、清洁确认(cleaning verification)和清洁验证(cleaning validation)不同的,如下图1,图2:同时按照APIC cleaning validation的说法,cleaning verification包含visual inspection和analytical verification。在cleaning verification中的完全可以仅仅依靠目视检查判断的,就如在FDA cleaning validation inspection(7/93),这个是没有问题的,而且是经常使用的。比如某些批间清洁,完全仅依靠目视做到gross clean即可。还有一个需要注意的visual inspection和visibly clean是完全不同的,visual inspection不一定是visibly clean,还可以是基本干净,残留不多等等(标准可以自己定),而visibly clean则一般的认为是1-4μg/cm2。
2、关于EU ANNEX 15的说法是基于在10.cleaning validation的前提下的。而且不是绝对不能使用的,注意用词“generally”,其实在早期的版本中是如此规定的“ it is not acceptable for this criterion alone to be used.”如此一来那么还是可以的
10.2. A visual check for cleanliness is an important part of the acceptance criteria for cleaning validation. It is not generally acceptable for this criterion alone to be used. Repeated cleaning and retesting until acceptable residue results are obtained is not considered an acceptable approach.
如果你要验证一个清洁工艺,你的确定分析方法也必定需要进行验证,那么你的visual check(visibly clean)就必须量化,量化后就可以作为唯一的判定标准(如果目视是最低的限度)。这个在PDA TR29中也有相应的提交。
7.7.3 Visual Inspection
Method validation in this case is actually the determination of a quantitative “visual limit” where visual examination is the sole sampling/analytical method and “visually clean” is used as the sole acceptance criterion for the given residue in the absence of swab or rinse sampling for that residue. If visual examination is used to supplement swab or rinse sampling, such determination of a visual limit is not required. A visual limit under specified viewing conditions can be determined by spiking coupons of the equipment surface materials with solutions of the residue at different levels (in μg/cm2) and having a panel of trained observers determine the lowest level at which residues are clearly visible across the spiked surface. The significance of such a visual limit is that if equipment surfaces are determined to be visually clean under the same (or more stringent) viewing conditions in a cleaning validation protocol, the level of the residue is below the visual limit. Appropriate viewing conditions include distance, lighting and angle. The visual limit depends on the nature of the residue as well as the nature of the surface (e.g., stainless steel vs. PTFE).
同时附上一份
的一篇文章:January 2015 Regulatory Status of “Visually Clean Alone”(见附件)
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